fix：修正查询SQL

cmd/weatherstation/main.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 	"weatherstation/internal/database"
+	"weatherstation/internal/selftest"
 	"weatherstation/internal/server"
 	"weatherstation/internal/tools"
 )
@@ -21,6 +22,9 @@ func main() {
 	var bfFrom = flag.String("from", "", "回填起始时间，格式：YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS")
 	var bfTo = flag.String("to", "", "回填结束时间，格式：YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS")
 	var bfWrap = flag.Float64("wrap", 0, "回绕一圈对应毫米值（mm），<=0 则降级为仅计当前值")
+	// 自检控制
+	var noSelftest = flag.Bool("no-selftest", false, "跳过启动自检")
+	var selftestOnly = flag.Bool("selftest_only", false, "仅执行自检后退出")
 	flag.Parse()
 
 	// 设置日志
@@ -30,6 +34,17 @@ func main() {
 	_ = database.GetDB() // 确保数据库连接已初始化
 	defer database.Close()
 
+	// 启动前自检
+	if !*noSelftest {
+		if err := selftest.Run(context.Background()); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("启动自检失败: %v", err)
+		}
+		if *selftestOnly {
+			log.Println("自检完成，按 --selftest_only 要求退出")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Backfill 调试路径
 	if *doBackfill {
 		if *bfFrom == "" || *bfTo == "" {

internal/database/models.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package database
 
 import (
 	"database/sql"
+	"log"
 	"time"
 	"weatherstation/pkg/types"
 )
@@ -113,6 +114,9 @@ func GetWeatherData(db *sql.DB, stationID string, startTime, endTime time.Time,
 
 // GetSeriesFrom10Min 基于10分钟聚合表返回 10m/30m/1h 数据（风向向量平均、降雨求和、加权平均）
 func GetSeriesFrom10Min(db *sql.DB, stationID string, startTime, endTime time.Time, interval string) ([]types.WeatherPoint, error) {
+	log.Printf("查询数据: stationID=%s, start=%v, end=%v, interval=%s",
+		stationID, startTime.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"), endTime.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"), interval)
+
 	var query string
 	switch interval {
 	case "10min":
@@ -136,8 +140,14 @@ func GetSeriesFrom10Min(db *sql.DB, stationID string, startTime, endTime time.Ti
 		query = buildAggFrom10MinQuery("1 hour")
 	}
 
+	// // 调试输出完整SQL
+	// debugSQL := fmt.Sprintf("-- SQL for %s\n%s\n-- Params: stationID=%s, start=%v, end=%v",
+	// 	interval, query, stationID, startTime, endTime)
+	// log.Println(debugSQL)
+
 	rows, err := db.Query(query, stationID, startTime, endTime)
 	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("查询失败: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer rows.Close()
@@ -158,10 +168,18 @@ func buildAggFrom10MinQuery(interval string) string {
 	return `
 	WITH base AS (
 		SELECT * FROM rs485_weather_10min
-		WHERE station_id = $1 AND bucket_start >= $2 AND bucket_start < $3 + '` + interval + `'::interval
+		WHERE station_id = $1 AND bucket_start >= $2 AND bucket_start <= $3
 	), g AS (
 		SELECT
-			date_trunc('` + interval + `', bucket_start) AS grp,
+			CASE '` + interval + `'
+				WHEN '1 hour' THEN date_trunc('hour', bucket_start)
+				WHEN '30 minutes' THEN
+					date_trunc('hour', bucket_start) +
+					CASE WHEN date_part('minute', bucket_start) >= 30
+						THEN '30 minutes'::interval
+						ELSE '0 minutes'::interval
+					END
+			END AS grp,
 			SUM(temp_c_x100 * sample_count)::bigint        AS w_temp,
 			SUM(humidity_pct * sample_count)::bigint       AS w_hum,
 			SUM(pressure_hpa_x100 * sample_count)::bigint  AS w_p,

internal/selftest/selftest.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package selftest
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"weatherstation/internal/database"
+)
+
+// Run 执行启动前自检
+// 1) 数据库可用 2) 关键表存在 3) 基础查询可执行
+func Run(ctx context.Context) error {
+	db := database.GetDB()
+	if err := pingDB(ctx, db); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("数据库连通性失败: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := ensureTables(ctx, db); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("关键表缺失: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := basicQuery(ctx, db); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("基础查询失败: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func pingDB(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB) error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 3*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	return db.PingContext(ctx)
+}
+
+func ensureTables(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB) error {
+	required := []string{
+		"public.stations",
+		"public.rs485_weather_data",
+		"public.rs485_weather_10min",
+		"public.forecast_hourly",
+	}
+	for _, t := range required {
+		var exists bool
+		if err := db.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT to_regclass($1) IS NOT NULL", t).Scan(&exists); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !exists {
+			return fmt.Errorf("缺少表: %s", t)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func basicQuery(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB) error {
+	// 若无站点则跳过后续测试
+	var stationID string
+	_ = db.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT station_id FROM stations LIMIT 1").Scan(&stationID)
+
+	// 10分钟表可被查询（允许为空）
+	var cnt int
+	if err := db.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM rs485_weather_10min").Scan(&cnt); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// 若有站点，做一次安全时间窗聚合验证（不要求有数据，只要语句可执行）
+	if stationID != "" {
+		from := time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Hour).Truncate(time.Hour)
+		to := time.Now().Truncate(time.Hour)
+		_, err := db.QueryContext(ctx,
+			`WITH base AS (
+				SELECT * FROM rs485_weather_10min WHERE station_id=$1 AND bucket_start >= $2 AND bucket_start <= $3
+			), g AS (
+				SELECT date_trunc('hour', bucket_start) AS grp, SUM(sample_count) AS n_sum FROM base GROUP BY 1
+			) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM g`, stationID, from, to,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/server/gin.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
@@ -126,7 +127,10 @@ func getDataHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	// 获取数据（改为基于10分钟聚合表的再聚合）
 	points, err := database.GetSeriesFrom10Min(database.GetDB(), stationID, start, end, interval)
 	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "查询数据失败"})
+		log.Printf("查询数据失败: %v", err) // 记录具体错误到服务端日志
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{
+			"error": fmt.Sprintf("查询数据失败: %v", err),
+		})
 		return
 	}